Native Americans have been passing through the area we now call the Salinas Valley for thousands of years. As agricultural techniques developed, hunter-gatherer societies began to settle down, plant crops and build permanent communities. The communities which grew in the Salinas Valley combined the traditions of the people we call Mogollon with those of the Ancestral Puebloans. They traded with other Puebloan groups to the west and with the Plains Indians to their east.
When the Spanish arrived in 1540, Coronado was searching for the 7 Lost Cities of Gold. He never found gold, but found abundant salt deposits in these mountains which is where they get their name (“salinas” means “salt” in Spanish). While the treasure seekers were met with disappointment, the Franciscan priests who accompanied them found whole towns of souls they believed needed saving. They took up residence in these remote pueblos and oversaw the construction of massive churches. They brought with them items which changed these societies for the better like wheat, fruit, cattle, goats and sheep. They also brought disease and demands for the Native people to give up their rituals and traditions. Some of these pueblos contain kivas, the underground centers of Pueblo communities and religion which point to some level of compromise, since later missions had kivas filled in and destroyed. Spanish priests and governors were often in disagreement over how to treat the Puebloan people, and cultural conflicts would often erupt.
Prolonged drought in the 1660s and 70s, along with increased raids by the Apache to the east and recurring epidemics caused these pueblos to be abandoned. The people moved to other pueblos in the region and blended in with the communities there. Today, the pueblos and the churches are only ruins, but they tell a fascinating story of the indigenous people who lived in them and the first Europeans they interacted with. Today, the three Salinas Pueblo Missions are a National Monument and are overseen by the National Park Service. Along with the villages themselves, there is also a central visitor center in the town of Mountainair. As a side-note, if you are visiting this wonderful site, lunch at the historic Shaffer Dining Room in Mountainair is a must.
This post is one in a series of “In Focus” posts in which I hope to capture the magic of each of our wonderful National Parks. You can find the other posts in this series by typing “In Focus” into the search bar in the footer of this blog or scroll using the links below. Click on any photo to make it bigger. All photos are available for purchase and licensing - please contact me for further details. For licensing, click the link in the header. Please support our National Parks - they really are our greatest treasures.
